Venezuela's crisis deepened under President Nicolás Maduro following the death of Hugo Chávez in 2013. A UN Fact-Finding Mission found "reasonable grounds to believe that crimes against humanity have been committed in Venezuela since at least 2014." Over 7.7 million Venezuelans have fled the country — one of the largest displacement crises in the world. Juan Guaidó declared himself interim president in 2019; the standoff was not resolved. María Corina Machado emerged as the main opposition leader. The 2024 elections were disputed internationally, with widespread fraud allegations.